Deteksi Dini Faktor Risiko Ide Bunuh Diri pada Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas di Provinsi Gorontalo Tahun 2023
Kata Kunci:
Remaja, deteksi dini, siswa SMA, ide bunuh diriAbstrak
Latar Belakang: Bunuh diri merupakan penyebab kematian kedua tertinggi pada remaja, yang diawali dengan ide bunuh diri. Provinsi Gorontalo menempati posisi kedua tertinggi kasus depresi di Indonesia dan mengalami lonjakan kasus bunuh diri pada tahun 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan Instrumen Deteksi Dini Faktor Risiko Ide Bunuh Diri (sensitivitas 77,6%, spesifisitas 73,6%, dan Cronbach's Alpha 91%) yang sebelumnya telah digunakan di Provinsi DKI Jakarta.
Tujuan: Mendeteksi ide bunuh diri dan mengidentifikasi faktor risikonya pada siswa SMA di Provinsi Gorontalo.
Metode: Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 400 remaja usia 14–19 tahun dengan pendekatan potong lintang. Analisis regresi logistik biner digunakan untuk menentukan faktor signifikan.
Hasil: Sebanyak 57,8% responden berisiko mengalami ide bunuh diri. Siswa kelas 1 SMA secara signifikan lebih berisiko. Semakin tinggi tingkat depresi, semakin besar kemungkinan munculnya ide bunuh diri.
Diskusi: Siswa baru mungkin mengalami stres karena adaptasi sosial di lingkungan baru. Remaja yang depresi cenderung mengalami emosi negatif dan keputusasaan yang mendalam. Diperlukan pemantauan berkala dari pihak sekolah untuk mencegah ide bunuh diri berkembang menjadi percobaan bunuh diri.
Unduhan
Referensi
Bareskrim Polri. Lebih 60 Jiwa Melayang karena Bunuh Diri sejak 2022 [Internet]. pusiknas.polri.go.id. 2023 [cited 2024 Jan 25]. Available from: https://pusiknas.polri.go.id/detail_artikel/lebih_60_jiwa_melayang_karena_bunuh_diri_sejak_2022
Bete T, Birhanu A, Negash A, Birhanu B, Nigussie S, Gemechu K, et al. Suicidal ideation, attempt and associated factor among secondary school students in Harari regional state, Eastern Ethiopia . A multi-center cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry [Internet]. 2023;2023(1069910):1–11. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1069910 Available from: https://www.ijme.net/archive/7/depression-and-suicidal-behaviour-among-medical-students.pdf
Bilsen J. Suicide and Youth: Risk Factors. Front Psychiatry [Internet]. 2018;9(540):1–5. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00540 Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30425663/
Center for Reproductive Health, University of Queensland, & Johns Bloomberg Hopkins School of Public Health. Indonesia – National Adolescent Mental Health Survey (I-NAMHS): Laporan Penelitian [Internet]. Jakarta: Pusat Kesehatan Reproduksi; 2022. Available from: https://qcmhr.org/outputs/reports/12-i-namhs-report-bahasa-indonesia/file
Coentre R, Faravelli C, Figueira ML. Assessment of depression and suicidal behaviour among medical students in Portugal. Int J Med Educ [Internet]. 2016;7:354–63. DOI: 10.5116/ijme.57f8.c468 Available from: https://www.ijme.net/archive/7/depression-and-suicidal-behaviour-among-medical-students.pdf
Curtin SC. State Suicide Rates Among Adolescents and Young Adults Aged 10–24: United States, 2000–2018. Natl Vital Stat Reports [Internet]. 2020;69(11):1–9. PMID: 33054915 Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33054915/
Deteksi dini faktor risiko ide bunuh diri remaja di sekolah lanjutan tingkat atas/sederajat di DKI Jakarta [disertation]. Depok: Universitas Indonesia; 2019.
Devenish B, Berk L, Lewis AJ. The treatment of Siuicidality in adolescents by psychosocial interventions for depression: A systematic literature review. Aust N Z J Psychiatry [Internet]. 2016;50(8):726–40. DOI: 10.1177/0004867415627374 Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0004867415627374
Devi R, Batra P. Effectiveness of Hope Intervention on Adolescents with Suicidal Ideation. Int J Indian Psychol [Internet]. 2023;11(2):3135–41. DOI: 10.25215/1102.312 Available from: https://ijip.in/articles/effectiveness-of-hope-intervention/
Engahu RS. Strategi penguatan jaringan pendukung masyarakat dalam pencegahan kasus sosial: Kolaborasi Polda, Dinsos, Kemenag dan HIMPSI di wilayah Provinsi Gorontalo. Gorontalo; 2023.
Harmer B, Lee S, Duong T vi H, Saadabadi A. Suicidal Ideation [Internet]. Treasure Island: StarPearls Publishing; 2024. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK565877/
Im Y, Oh W-O, Suk M. Risk Factors for Suicide Ideation Among Adolescents: Five-Year National Data Analysis. Arch Psychiatr Nurs [Internet]. 2017;31(2017):282–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2017.01.001 Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28499568/
Lew B, Huen J, Yu P, Yuan L, Wang D-F, Ping F, et al. Associations between depression, anxiety, stress, hopelessness, subjective well-being, coping styles and suicide in Chinese university students. PLoS One [Internet]. 2019;14(7):e0217372. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217372 Available from: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0217372
Li D, Bao Z, Li X, Wang Y. Perceived School Climate and Chinese Adolescents’ Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts: The Mediating Role of Sleep Quality. J Sch Health [Internet]. 2016;86(2):75–83. DOI: 10.1111/josh.12354 Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/josh.12354
15. Peng X, Tang T, Wu M, Tan L, Pan Y. Network Analysis of Risk and Protective Factors for Suicidal Ideation in Adolescents. Child Youth Serv Rev [Internet]. 2024;158(2024):107458. DOI: 10.1111/josh.12354 Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0190740924000306
Putra IGNE, Savitri KPAE, Putu ANL. Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempt Among Indonesian Adolescent Students. Int J Adolesc Med Health [Internet]. 2019;33(5):1–12. DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2019-0035 Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31152636/
Sousa CM de S, Mascarenhas MDM, Gomes KRO, Rodrigues MTP, Miranda CES, Frota K de MG. Suicidal ideation and associated factors among high school adolescents. Rev Saude Publica [Internet]. 2020;54(33):1–10. DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054001637 Available from: https://www.scielo.br/j/rsp/a/4nWHhmPNt9Zz9y8X49ZW5xc/?format=pdf&lang=en
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA): Treatment for Suicidal Ideation, Self-harm, and Suicide Attempts Among Youth [Internet]. SAMHSA Publication No. PEP20-06-01-002 Rockville, MD: National Mental Health and Substance Use Policy Laboratory. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2020. Available from: https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/pep20-06-01-002.pdf
Wang X, Geng Y, Lin J, Yi Z, Liu Y. Effect of Family Cohesion on Aggression among Chinese Middle School Students: The Mediating Role of Psychological Suzhi. Curr Psychol A J Divers Perspect Divers Psychol Issues [Internet]. 2022;42(2022):17724–32. DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02903-8 Available from: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2022-45237-001
Wang Y, Liu J, Chen S, Zheng C, Zou X, Zhou Y. Exploring risk factors and their differences on suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among depressed adolescents based on decision tree model. J Affect Disord [Internet]. 2024;352(2024):87–100. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.02.035 Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38360368/
World Health Organization Regional Office for South-East Asia. Mental Health Status of Adolescents in South-East Asia: Evidence for Action [Internet]. New Delhi: WHO Publication; 2017.
